14 July 2011
Force Feeding
THIS POEM is being carried because it is written by someone who has personally endured the horror and brutality of being force-fed while on hunger strike.
Gerry Kelly, Sinn Féin Assembly member for North Belfast, was sentenced in London in November 1973 for his part in the IRA bombing of the Old Bailey.
He and a number of other prisoners immediately went on hunger strike for repatriation to Ireland. He was on hunger strike for 206 days, during which he was force-fed no fewer than 167 times.
This is how he describes what he and other Irish republican political prisoners on hunger strike in English prisons in the 1970s suffered through force feeding.
"SIX OR EIGHT WARDERS would enter the cell, pull the bed to the centre of the floor, surround me and then jump on me, pinning my legs and arms and grasping me by the hair.
When they had control of my body they pulled me along the bed and up to the high metal bed end. At this point my head was forced backwards over the bar by pulling my hair until the neck was stretched straight.
The doctor and the warder would then proceed to open my mouth. As time went by, the methods changed little but at first it was clumsy and crude: pulling my upper and lower lips apart in opposite directions; pressing down on my chin or pushing my nose upwards (this normally led to nosebleeds); pushing and grinding knuckles into my jaw muscles.
If this didn’t work, large forceps were sometimes run violently along my gums to get me to open my teeth. They later discovered a subtle method by using a thin, hard, plastic Ryle’s Tube which was pushed up my nasal passage. When it hits off the back of your throat it makes you want to vomit. Once you dry-retch, your teeth part voluntarily and a wooden or metal clamp was violently thrust between my teeth.
When I overcame the urge to vomit and managed to keep my teeth closed, they discovered that by moving the Ryle’s Tube back and forth, rubbing it against the sensitive inner tissue at the back of the nose, they could cause a searing pain. I can only describe this pain as like a hot knitting needle being pushed in between my nose and eye.
Inevitably, they succeeded in opening my mouth on most days. They would then thrust in a wooden clamp, which contained a hole in the centre through which a rubber tube was fed into the throat. This part I always found the most frightening and it did not diminish through repetition. It is painful and if the tube goes down the wrong passage it can be fatal."
Gerry Kelly has dedicated this poem to fellow hunger strikers Michael Gaughan and Frank Stagg
Force Feeding
» BY GERRY KELLY
For Michael Gaughan and Frank Stagg
It was not the hunger,
Though it gnawed its way
Through slim pickings of fat
To muscle tissue
And into every dream
So that in the most
Outlandish of images
Central to its theme was . . . food
After nineteen foodless days,
The pain of hunger,
This usurper of senses,
Was itself usurped by fear
For some hours since
The dapper doctor announced
That he would return
To force-feed the prisoner
(He later changed this to
‘Artificially feed the patient’),
Fear had feasted
On his self-doubt
From the ballad of his schooldays,
From the archives of his mind,
The spectre of Tom Ashe’s
Force-fed death appeared
The dramatisation
Of the brutal process
By cynical warders
Ate at his imagination
The recitation
Of dangerous possibilities,
The tube entering the lung
‘By mistake,’ of course
But most acute:
The fear of failing
Once the gauntlet
Was thrown down
So when the trolley
Rattled to the cell,
The young man,
Lotus-like on the bed
Faced them, bone naked
To the blanket round his waist,
Talisman of rosary beads
About his neck
The cell key turned
With a clack,
An intrusive
Churning in his gut
Twelve-handed they entered,
In angry flood,
Frothing hospital-white
On incriminating blue
While the doctor
From deep-seated elitism
Affected detachment
In civilian hue
The initial struggle
Was painfully brief,
Boney resistance
Cruelly subdued
Prison stripped
To helplessness
Then stretched
To hopelessness
Under doctor’s orders
Trailed up the bed
With jack-knifed body
To the high end
Hair pulled, head forced back,
Steel, cold to his neck
For a throat to stomach line
That would be straight and true
Fear fought dedication
In the rebel heart
As his breath battled
Through gated teeth
‘Now,’ ordered the doctor
‘Open your mouth!’
And so it began
In clenched mute refusal
Naivety left the naked
To join the clothed
And both discovered the power
Of a spirited ‘No’
Forearm anchored forehead,
Knuckles boring jaw-joints,
Forceps scraping gums,
Ryle’s Tube searing nostrils
The soft membrane
Hot with pain and blood,
Surgeon turned jailer
In prison’s privacy
Jaw muscles are strong
But not strong enough,
Gasping with pain
A vice kills the cry
No time for self-pity
As the clamp is adjusted
To force a tube
Down famine throat
Motionless dread
Fills the pinioned body,
Movement is rebellion
And clinically suppressed
No speech is possible
Nor motion of limbs,
Protest undiluted
In dilated eyes
This is the surreal
Experience of nightmares
Where great fear
Invokes paralysis
The doctor knocks clumsily
At the swing door in the throat:
One way to the stomach
The other to lung-filled death
All of which, the doctor
Hypocratically explained,
Was for his own good,
To save his life
Tom Ashe, Tom Ashe,
Comfort and fear,
A pounding drum,
A temple beat
Then the flap swings right,
The tube rams through
A choking of liquid,
Crowds his shrunken belly
As the pain ebbs
And relief tingles
In sweat beads,
His drowning stomach heaves
With involuntary spasms
A thick white eruption
On chin and chest
And uniforms
Until some clever warder
Wielding a kidney-dish
Collects the dripping remains
Of this expensive fare
Which the doctor described,
Without hint of irony,
As equivalent to
‘A meal at The Savoy’
For his final trick,
With nausea on the wane,
The chef returned the contents
To the prisoner’s stomach
And so it ends for one day
With a hasty exit
Of the tube from the throat
And the squad from the cell
Leaving the Irishman
To clean up the mess,
To recover his dignity
And fret about the many next times
The doctor in charge,
Known by the official title of
‘Principal Medical Officer’,
Was clearly affected by the scene
For the remainder of the hunger strike
He entered the cell
Only after the prisoner
Had been subdued
A man of intellect and eloquence
Who spoke of Arthur Koestler,
Oliver St John Gogarty
And his own flag-waving youth
While he went about his task
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